Thursday, November 9, 2017

Charged Water Very Hot

From the data for \(n\) the cluster size in the post "Not Letting Go Of \(T_{boom}\)" dated 8 Nov 2017, repeated below,

       Temp ( C)     T boom (K)                n
10078.304.77
8080.504.39
6082.404.04
4083.923.73
3084.503.59
2584.743.52
2284.863.48
2084.933.45
1585.093.39
1085.193.32
485.243.25
085.213.21
-1084.923.10
-2084.143.01
-3082.512.95

it seems that clustering is closer than the lattice spacing in ice.  If clustering is due to hydrogen bonding then the force that aligns the water molecules into an ice lattice as temperature cool is not hydrogen bond.  The ice lattice spaces the molecules further apart and prevents hydrogen bonding.  As water heats up more molecules breaks from the rigid lattice and cluster.  It is expected that the lattice bonding is similar to when \(Cu\) forms a lattice by sharing an orbiting electron as in the post "The Value Of  \(\pi\)" dated 11 May 2016.  The whole of \(H_2O\) acts like a quasi-nucleus.  An electron has to be removed when the lattice breaks up.  This electron together with the released \(H_2O^{2+}\) forms \(H_2O^{+}\).

Hydrogen bonding brings \(H\) of one \(H_2O\) molecule and \(O\) of another molecule closer than when the molecules spread out in a lattice.

More of hydrogen bond forms as more molecules breaks from the lattice with higher temperature.  This occurs all the way up 100 oC.  When all molecules are fully released from the lattice, they will be in the gaseous state.

The 4 neighbors that water molecules have in ice do not constitute clustering.  These neighbors are further away than hydrogen bonded water molecules.

The release of \(H_2O^{+}\) captions when water molecules break from the lattice should be indicative. Water gets more sticky with higher temperature.

Water drop test!  Suspend water droplets from a straight edge at different temperature, cold water droplets should drop faster.  Set the straight edge at a positive electric potential, and hot water droplets should drop faster.  Reverse the polarity on the edge and the opposite should happen.

This does not prove \(T_{boom}\), just the formation of \(H_2O^{+}\) as ice melts and water temperature increases..

Good evening.

Note: If ice is like \(Cu\) as discussed in the post "Seven Up!" dated 12 May 2017, melting ice requires the addition of electrons and forming ice requires the removal of electrons.  This is because water molecules as a whole has an oxidation state of \(1+\) in the ice lattice and when freed from the lattice it is released with an oxidation state of \(2+\) together with only one electron.