All In The Name Of Stablility

The principle for forming sub-nucleus is that the resulting unit must be charged to be orbiting at the next higher level.  Each is binded by two charges.  The reason is to preserve the stability provided for by the previous element as one move left to right in the periodic table.

The number of protons progresses as, 4,8,16,32,64..2ⁿ⁺².  And the number of electrons follows the series  2,6,14,30...2ⁿ⁺²-2.  Where n=01,2,3...

The sub-nucleus (sn) is in orbit, driven along a  \(B\)  field line established by electron(s) in circular motion,

The electrons in the sub-nucleus will not readily participate in chemical reactions.  Only electrons around the outer most  \(B\) orbits will part take in chemical reactions.  In a similar way,  only +2 charge of the underlying protons in the sub nucleus are exposed at the outer most orbits.  The rest of the charges of the atom are in this way shielded.

The negative orbits will be attracted to each other and the \(B\) orbits will also be attracted each other.  The result is two loops bounded as one,

Have a nice day.