Lamb Over The Fence

Time averaged, means the positive particle are not on the transverse plane perpendicular to the orbit at the same time, but over a period of their spins, they are once there.

Obviously, the attraction on the negative charge, $E$ per unit charge, is less when the orbit separation, $d$ is large.

And when the fence is low, the lamb jumps over...albeit only a part-time escape artiste.

Saving data quota mode...