Monday, May 9, 2016

Emmy Noether II

From the post "Emmy Noether" dated 6 Jul 2015,

Consider again energy \(mv^2\) imparted onto a particle, a portion, \(p\) of which is loss due to entanglement,

\(E_{loss}=mv^2p\)

Since this particles exist in the time dimension \(t\), and are travelling along time \(t\), the hypothetical force resulting in \(E_{loss}\) is given by,

\(F_{drag}=-\cfrac{d\,E_{loss}}{d\,x}=-\cfrac{d\,E_{loss}}{d\,t}=-2vmp\cfrac{d\,v}{d\,t}\)

If,

\(F=m\cfrac{d\,v}{d\,t}\)

then

\(F_{drag}=-2vpF\)

At terminal velocity \(v=c\), the total force on the particle is zero,

\(\sum{F}=F-F_{drag}=F-2cpF=0\)

this implies,

\(2cp=1\)

The portion \(p\) of energy loss is,

\(p=\cfrac{1}{2c}\)

which is,

\(p=0.0000000016678205\)

This is essentially the results are before.

If the particles are uniform, all have a fractional entanglement of \(p\), then the total number of particle entangled is, \(N\)

\(N=\cfrac{1}{p}=2c\)

But if the particles are not uniformly distributed, but Gaussian


but we adjust the total population of the random variable \(p_x\) as,

\(N_{p_{x}}=N.\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}\)

Each instance of \(p_x\), in the Gaussian distribution represents entanglement between two particles, so

\(N_{\small{G}}=N_{p_{x}}*2=2N.\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}\)

This is the total population of \(p_x\) along one direction, the total population of \(p_x\) in a sphere, in 3D space is,

\(A_v=\cfrac{4}{3}\pi (N_{\small{G}})^3=\cfrac{4}{3}\pi(2N.\sigma\sqrt{2\pi})^3\)

\(A_v=\cfrac{32}{3}(2)^{3/2}(\pi)^{5/2}(N.\sigma)^3\)

But what is \(\sigma\)??

If  \(A_v\) is the Avogadro's constant in \(kg\) then,

\(A_v=6.022140e26\)

in \(1000g\).  So,

\(6.022140e26=\cfrac{32}{3}(2)^{3/2}(\pi)^{5/2}(2*299792458.\sigma)^3\)

where \(N=2c\)

\(\sigma=0.1743\)

What is the significant of \(\sigma\)?  Firstly, \(0\le p_x\le1\) but \(p\lt \sigma\), the spread of \(p_x\) is within
one standard deviation, \(1\sigma\).  More correctly, Gaussian is a bad fit for the distribution of \(p_x\), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution or Poisson distribution would be considered next.

Win some, Lose some.