This is what happens what Hydrogen with half the covalent radius \(r_{co}=31\)pm meets Oxygen \(r_{co}=66\)pm.
One of the paired orbits of Oxygen splits at one side. Two Hydrogen atoms, pair up at each of the split ends and this creates a total of seven paired loops around the nucleus. The proton-electron pair on each of the hydrogen orbits are in phase and move with constant separation between them. The proton-electron pair of the Oxygen split pair orbit is in anti-phase, each are at the opposite ends of the orbit. An electron is always shared by two orbit between an weak field and a proton. The Hydrogen orbital particles are oscillating at the same frequency as the Oxygen orbital particles. Half the time, the Hydrogen proton shares an electron with the weak field of one of the Oxygen protons in the split pair orbit. The other half of the time, the Hydrogen proton shares the electron with the weak field of the other Hydrogen.
The seven pair loops/orbits around the Oxygen nucleus, technically now water \(H_2O\), are spaced equally,
\(\angle Orbit=\cfrac{360}{7}\)
\(\angle Orbit=51.42^o\)
How could this happen? The diagrams above shows that the orbit is split at \(120^o\). This happens when a paired orbit of the Oxygen atom first splits into two unpaired orbits.
For clarity, the horizontal paired orbit has been omitted. The top of the paired orbit between the unpaired orbits splits to share an electron with the unpaired orbits on each side, as two hydrogen atoms share their electron with each of the unpaired orbit. The angle between the two hydrogen atom is about,
\(\angle H=2*\angle Orbit=102.84^o\)
This compares well with the measured value of \(104.5^o\).
Does the split paired orbit crosses? Yes (post "Bent And Split To Make Water and Ice" dated 05 Apr 2016). The hydrogen are at anti-phase such that only one of them is near the center of the Oxygen atom at any one time. The hydrogen proton nearest the center pushes the Oxygen proton of the other split orbit, bending its trajectory, so that it pairs up its unpaired orbit. All four orbits spins synchronously, such that all protons of a orbit pair is furthest apart from each other. The principle discussed previously without an initial orbit unpair-ing still holds.
Have a nice day.
