Monday, April 4, 2016

The Start Of Something Sweet

This is Methane \(CH_4\), where all of carbon proton orbits are unpaired, pulled to off center, where the nucleus is closer to the perimeter of the orbit.  One Hydrogen atom then share an electron with each Carbon orbital proton and the four shared orbits extend into the vertices of a tetrahedron so that they are the furthest apart.


Protons on the Carbon orbits are at \(90^o\) phase to another, so that only one of the four protons in turns is closest to the nucleus at the center.  The proton in the hydrogen orbit is always at \(180^o\) phase with the Carbon proton it is sharing an electron with.

There is however, one problem with this model.  In this particular case, when the top Carbon orbital proton is at the nucleus, the one other orbit at which it is at \(180^o\) phase is at the furthest end of its orbit from the center (middle bottom loop of the diagram above).  The Hydrogen proton sharing electron with this Carbon orbit is also near the center.  Being \(180^o\) out of phase with the Carbon proton it shares an electron with, brings it in phase with the proton now occupying the center.  Two protons at the center!

The Hydrogen covalent radius (\(31\)pm) is however at half of the Carbon covalent radius (\(66\)pm).  The two protons in phase, one from a Carbon orbit at the nucleus, and the other of a Hydrogen orbit will however, not come closer than the radius of the Carbon orbit.

Thanks for coming, but don't waste your time.  Not again.