A temperature gradient between the nucleus and the orbiting electrons however, complicates the forces in action on the electron still further.
A thermal gravity, \(g_T\) due the \(T\) of the nucleus now acts on the orbiting electrons and repulse them outwards.
Is this force significant? Given the small mass of the electrons, it is not, when compared to the electrostatic pull of the positive nucleus on the negative electron.
However, a temperature gradient, \(\cfrac{d\,T}{d\,x}\), around the nucleus does affect space density, and so affecting both gravity and electrostatic forces around it.
