On some material the positive end sticks out and the material is detected as positively charged, on other materials, the negative end sticks out and it is negatively charged. One opposite the other. In the case of conductor the negative ends of such dipoles always stick out. Current induction as a result of moving in an electric field and force effects moving in an magnetic field are all effects on such dipoles with the negative ends just on the surface of the conductor.
This might explain why a current carrying wire is still neutral and does not exert a E-field. That current carrying effects are just skin deep.
What if?? And more what ifs...
When subjected to a electric field in free space, the dipole move with the tail end spinning in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel. This spin gives raise to the B-field detected in a moving charge. Geometry of the dipole decides the direction of spin and is consistent with the right hand rule. The dipole now shaped like a cone move through free space or along the surface of a conductor alike. The negative charge spin give raise to a consistent B-field.
The resultant force that provides for circular motion is pictured as such. The E-field is in the x direction.
The definition of a dipole moment of 2 opposite charges (\(-q\), \(+q\)) at a \(2a\) distance apart is given by
\(p=2aq\) in the direction \(-q\) to \(+q\)
Notice that \(a\) can go infinite and we have a infinite dipole moment. But at an infinite distance the two charges are more likely to act independently than as a dipole pair. A more consistent view is that a force pulls the charges together when it is subject to a E-field pulling the charges apart. Similarly a force pushes the charges apart when the charges are compressed. This is the same force that prevents the charges from collapsing in the first place. Let this force \({F}_{d}\) be,
\({F}_{d}=-{k}_{d}{\triangle a}\) where \({k}_{d}\) is a constant of proportionality.
This is the simplest case of a structural restraining force. Then, if the applied E-field is \(E\),
\({F}_{nc}={F}_{d}sin{(\theta)}\)
This would then account for the centripetal force that give raise to spin on the negative charge.
Let examine forces on the positive charge. There is a net force in the \(x\) direction because the spinning charge, like a ring of charges, has a lesser E-field along the line joining the center of the circular motion and the other charge. The actual E-field as a result of this spinning charge is just that of a charged ring and is given by,
\(E_r=\cfrac{q}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}\cfrac{x}{(x^{2}+r^{2})^{3/2}}<\cfrac{q}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}\cfrac{1}{x^2}\)and
\({E}_{p}=\cfrac{q}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}\cfrac{1}{x^2}\)
A plot of 1/x^2 in red and x/(x^2+(a)^2)^(3/2) where a range from 0.001 to 1 in steps of 0.01 in blue shows that \({E}_{r}\) < \({E}_{p}\) because of \(r\).
A dipole with its tail end spinning is different from a simple dipole orientated in the direction of the a E-field.
Since \({E}_{p}>{E}_{r}\) there is a net force in the \(x\) direction.
\({E}_{nx}={F}_{d}cos{(\theta)}+{E}_{p}-q.E\) for the \(-q\), and
\({E}_{px}=q.E-{E}_{r}-{F}_{d}cos{(\theta)}\) for \(+q\)
These forces are such that both ends of the dipole are accelerating in the x direction with the same acceleration.
There is one other force component on \(+q\),
\({F}_{pc}={F}_{d}cos{(\theta)}\),
It is proposed that the positive charge is more massive, that this force produces a circular motion of small radius, that the positive charge is spinning along the x-axis as a first approximation. Note: when the dipole is not subjected to an E-field, \({F}_{d}\) = 0. \({F}_{d}\) in this case pulls the dipole together under the action of the applied E-field.
The same B-field disappears when the dipole charges stop spinning about the axis of travel or stop travelling altogether. Such a setup would imply that B-field is actually the moving perpendicular end of an E-field. The y direction below is in the clockwise direction perpendicular to the x direction.
To fully define the direction of the B-field in 3-D, the movement direction \(x\) and the E-field direction must all be consistent with:
1. The right hand screw that indicate that B-field curl around a current carrying wire in the x direction.
2. The right hand rule to find induced current in a wire cutting the B-field moving in the x direction
2. The left hand rule that indicates an opposing force from a current carrying wire cutting through a magnetic field.
The movement direction \(x\) is always perpendicular to the E-field direction. Without the movement direction \(x\) (to indicate the direction of a force or a current), the B-field can be rotated such that the E-field points in the opposite direction and such a configuration will not be consistent, and Lenz's law will be violated.
In this model, the B-field can be replaced with a moving E-field orientated as show after considering the original B-field direction AND the direction of motion (of a force, electric current or positive charges). The E-field is moving in the direction of the B-field.
