Friday, August 1, 2014

Temperature

It is chain reaction that make \(E=mc^2\) explosive.  By itself, given small enough \(m\), like \(m_e\),  \(E=m_ec^2\) is difficult to detect.  With any other suitable exothermic processes,  properly chained up,  the overall reaction can be even more explosive.

Consider this,


\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=A{ \begin{matrix} lim \\ \Delta t\rightarrow0 \end{matrix} } \left\{\cfrac{\Delta kg}{\Delta t} \right\}=A\cfrac{(kg_1-kg_2)}{\Delta t}\)

Assuming that \(g\), gravity is a constant,

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=\cfrac{A}{g}{ \begin{matrix} lim \\ \Delta t\rightarrow0 \end{matrix} } \left\{\cfrac{(kg_1-kg_2)g}{\Delta t} \right\}\)

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=\cfrac{A}{g}{ \begin{matrix} lim \\ \Delta t\rightarrow0 \end{matrix} } \left\{\cfrac{\Delta F}{\Delta t} \right\}\)

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=\cfrac{mA}{g}{ \begin{matrix} lim \\ \Delta t\rightarrow0 \end{matrix} } \left\{\cfrac{\Delta a}{\Delta t} \right\}\)

where \(m\) is the fluid inside the connecting tube.

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=\cfrac{mA}{g}\cfrac{d^3x }{d t^3}\)

\(\Delta kg = \rho X_A \Delta x\),    \(m= \rho X_A L\)

where \(X_A\)   is the cross-sectional area of the connecting tube,   \(L\)   the length of the tube and \(\rho\)   the density of the fluid.

\(\Delta x = \cfrac{\Delta kg}{\rho X_A}\)

\(\cfrac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} = \cfrac{1}{\rho X_A}\cfrac{\Delta kg}{\Delta t}\)

When we apply \(\lim{\Delta t\to0}\),

\(\cfrac{dx}{dt}= \cfrac{1}{\rho X_A}\cfrac{dkg}{dt}\)

\(\cfrac{d^3x}{dt^3} =  \cfrac{1}{\rho X_A}\cfrac{d^3 kg}{dt^3}\) --- (**)

So,

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=A\cfrac{m}{g}\cfrac{1}{\rho X_A}\cfrac{d^3 kg}{dt^3}\)

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=A\cfrac{\rho X_A L}{g}\cfrac{1}{\rho X_A}\cfrac{d^3 kg}{dt^3}\)

\(\cfrac{d kg}{dt}=A\cfrac{L}{g}\cfrac{d^3 kg}{dt^3}\)

where A is the constant of proportionality that can be 1.

Now comes the hard part,

Consider an analogy,

\(kg:)_\supset T\)

where the relational symbol, \(:)_\supset \) means "analogous to"

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=A\cfrac{L}{g_T}\cfrac{d^3 T}{dt^3}\)   --- (*)

where \(T\) is temperature,  \(A\) is a proportionality constant,  \(L\) is the distance between the two hot spots and \(g_T\) an analogous gravity term that is here responsible for the flow of T.  A hot spot thins out space around it. A gravity pull develops towards the direction of denser space, as a result of time speed slowing down in the denser space region.  This gravity pulls \(T\) into the region of denser and colder space. Thermal gravity, \(g_T\) develops as a result of conservation of energy across time and space,

\(v^2_t+v^2_s=c^2\)  from which we obtained \(g\), gravity.

\((v^2_t+v^2_s)+(v^2_{tc}+v^2_c)=c^2\)

from which we obtained \(g\), gravity and electrostatic field acceleration.  And

\((v^2_t+v^2_s+v^2_{rg})+(v^2_{tc}+v^2_{rc}+v^2_c)=c^2\)

from which we obtained in addition, two temperature components.  These temperature components are the results of rotation \(v^2_{rg}\) and \(v^2_{rc}\), they do not have independent time components.  Their time components are respectively, in compliance to the right hand rule, \(v_t\) and \(v_{tc}\).

We note that from (*),

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=A\cfrac{L}{g_T}\cfrac{d^3 }{dt^3}\left\{ \cfrac{1}{2}mv^2\right\}=A\cfrac{L}{2g_T}\cfrac{d^3 }{d^3t}\left\{ mv^2\right\}\)

where both \(m\) and \(v\) can change with time.

In general when \(g\) is not considered time invariant (case of transient before steady state), we start from

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=mA{ \begin{matrix} lim \\ \Delta t\rightarrow0 \end{matrix} } \left\{\cfrac{\Delta }{\Delta t}\left\{\cfrac{a}{g}\right\} \right\}\)

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=mA\cfrac{d}{dt}\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^2x }{d t^2}\right\}\)

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=mA\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^3x }{d t^3}-\cfrac{1}{g^2}\cfrac{dg}{dt}\cfrac{d^2x }{d t^2}\right\}\)

Substitute (**)

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=AL\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^3kg }{d t^3}-\cfrac{1}{g^2}\cfrac{dg}{dt}\cfrac{d^2kg }{d t^2}\right\}\)

and apply the analgy,  \(kg\)    with    \(T\),

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=AL\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^3T }{d t^3}-\cfrac{1}{g^2}\cfrac{dg}{dt}\cfrac{d^2T }{d t^2}\right\}\)

And when we consider other time components,

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}=A\cfrac{L}{2}\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^3}{d t^3}\left\{\sqrt{q^2v^4_{rc}+m^2v^4_{rg}}\right\}-\cfrac{1}{g^2}\cfrac{dg}{dt}\cfrac{d^2}{dt^2}\left\{\sqrt{q^2v^4_{rc}+m^2v^4_{rg}}\right\}\right\}\)

\(g^2=g^2_{rc}+g^2_{rg}\)

where \(g_{rc}\)   and   \(g_{rg}\)  are the result of time slowing down in the respective time dimensions.  And of course we can have,

\(\cfrac{d T}{dt}\cfrac{dt}{dx}=\cfrac{d T}{dx}=A\cfrac{L}{2v_x}\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^3}{d t^3}\left\{\sqrt{q^2v^4_{rc}+m^2v^4_{rg}}\right\}-\cfrac{1}{g^2}\cfrac{dg}{dt}\cfrac{d^2}{dt^2}\left\{\sqrt{q^2v^4_{rc}+m^2v^4_{rg}}\right\}\right\}\)

where \(v_x=\cfrac{dx}{dt}\).  And, for steady state, \(t\rightarrow\infty\)

\(\int^{T(x)}_0{dT}=T(x)=A\cfrac{L}{2}\int^{\infty}_0{\left\{\cfrac{1}{g}\cfrac{d^3}{d t^3}\left\{\sqrt{q^2v^4_{rc}+m^2v^4_{rg}}\right\}-\cfrac{1}{g^2}\cfrac{dg}{dt}\cfrac{d^2}{dt^2}\left\{\sqrt{q^2v^4_{rc}+m^2v^4_{rg}}\right\}\right\}dt}\)

And so, out of the kitchen we go.