Because \(\lambda_r\gt\lambda_i\), x ray blends away from the normal.
When \(v_s\) does not leave the medium boundaries parallel as they move in time,
the incident and reflected rays does not obey Snell's Law.
The angle of refraction is rotated as the medium boundary is rotated (\(\theta_s\)) with respect to the old position of the medium boundary back in time.
The photon upon its collapse, travels back in time, inside the medium (in this case) at a position its contact point at the boundary will be in the future.
In the diagram below \(S=v_s*\Delta t\) is the movement of the satellite in time \(\Delta t\). The major axis of the satellite is rotated by \(\theta_s\) as a result of the movement.
\(\theta_s\) must be added to all calculated refraction angle, glancing or otherwise. All surface normals are adjusted for this \(\theta_s\) that is added to the calculated refracted angle as the result of photons travelling back in time upon collapse on the surface of the refracting medium.
Good night.
Note: Displacement does not alter orientation, rotation changes orientation.
