| Metal | Atomic Number | Threshold Freq | Radius, r | Atomic Radius, re | r/re | e Shell Configuation |
| aluminum | 13 | 9.846E+014 | 4.8460E-8 | 1.18E-010 | 410 | 2,8,3 |
| lead | 82 | 9.990E+014 | 4.7761E-8 | 1.54E-010 | 310 | 2,8,18,32,18,4 |
| zinc | 30 | 1.038E+015 | 4.5967E-8 | 1.42E-010 | 323 | 2,8,18,2 |
| iron | 26 | 1.086E+015 | 4.3935E-8 | 1.56E-010 | 282 | 2,8,14,2 |
| nickel | 28 | 1.209E+015 | 3.9465E-8 | 1.49E-010 | 265 | 2,8,16,2 |
| copper | 29 | 1.134E+015 | 4.2075E-8 | 1.45E-010 | 290 | 2,8,18,1 |
| silver | 47 | 1.141E+015 | 4.1817E-8 | 1.65E-010 | 253 | 2,8,18,18,1 |
| gold | 79 | 1.231E+015 | 3.8760E-8 | 1.74E-010 | 222 | 2,8,8,32,18,1 |
| platinum | 78 | 1.532E+015 | 3.1145E-8 | 1.77E-010 | 176 | 2,8,18,32,17,1 |
High \(\frac{r}{{r}_{e}}\) ratio corresponds to high outer shell charge. This suggests that the interaction between orbital electrons and photons is electrostatic in nature. Which might explain why we cannot use a light microscope, however powerful, to inspect an atom. Photons bounce away from the outer electronic shell of the atom without reaching it. A photon picture will be a fuzz, because the interaction is in a electrostatic field at a distance without surface contact. The good news is such interactions (electrostatic) occur with greater ease and frequency compared to rigid body contact collisions.
