Porcelain = 薄瓷琳

Naturally \(T_{boom}\) and \(T_{p}\) go well with ceramic.  Unfortunately, ceramic is such a general term that it does not lend itself to the specificity needed to calculate boom temperature.

Compositions in ceramics are trade secrets, as are firing temperatures.

Both \(T_{boom}\) and \(T_{p}\) are expected to play a role in forming ceramic and each set of boom temperatures for a specific component is expected to reduce firing time and contribute to fine tuning various physical properties of the resultant ceramic.  In addition, the order of firing at specific boom temperature of each component of the ceramic is expected to effect the physical properties of the ceramic.  The fact that some components of the ceramic are not subjected to their boom temperatures will also effect the physical properties of the ceramic.

More specifically, we know now that subjecting porcelain to cold temperature of \(T_{p}=-44.67^oC\) will make them unbreakable.

Good night.

Constant Reminder

This event on 12 Aug 2018 is important,  I need a note of it.

Now, where is my post "Planck Constantly", I lost my train of thought without it...where to go from here?

Anyway,  \(MgCO_3\) does not seem to be a good store of \(CO_2\) because two \(MgCO_3\) takes up an \(O_2\).

If paired bonds is for real,

\(AB=\sqrt{116.3^2+2*\left(\cfrac{116.3}{2}\right)^2}\)

\(AB=142.43\,pm\)

Maybe a electromagnetic wave of wavelength, \(\lambda=AB\)

\(f=\cfrac{c}{\lambda}=\cfrac{299792458}{142.43*10^{-12}}\)

\(f=2.1047*10^{18}\,Hz=2.1047\,EHz\)

passing along the length of the \(CO_2\) molecule will interrupt the electrons in the two shared paired orbits around the carbon atom and free all three radicals.

The carbon atom regains the electrons and completes/neutralize its outer shell.

Not that such a EMW is possible; but are regions of low electric density similarly spaced apart is possible on a flat substrate.  Such a substrate can act as a catalyst in decomposing \(CO_2\) into its constituent elements.

What metal or metal alloy has an atomic distance of \(0.142\,nm\)?  Or a atomic radius of \(71.22\,pm\)?

None!

But, Argon \(Ar\) has a atomic radius of \(71\,pm\).  Carbon \(C\) has a atomic radius of \(70\,pm\)

And so, we use a graphene sheet with a pulsating high voltage, below which we pass \(CO_2\) gas, maybe carbon will start falling from the ceiling.

Maybe...but \(O\) radicals released will corrode the graphene immediately.  The oxygen radical must be encouraged to form into \(O_2\) immediately.

...

Making It Sparkle

Density of diamond \(3515\,kgm^{-3}\),  \(Z=6\),

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{3515}{6}=2012.57\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=2012.57^2*\cfrac{12*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=1948.64\,K\)  or  \(1675.49^oC\)

\(T_{p}=2012.57^2*\cfrac{12*10^{-3}}{2*8.3144}=2922.96\,K\)  or  \(2649.81^oC\)

Can we cook carbon in an inert environment first at \(T_{boom}=1675.49^oC\) and then at \(T_{p}=2649.81^oC\),  and expect diamond.  Carbon has a sublimation temperature of \(3917\,K\)  or  \(3642\,^oC\); both \(T_{boom}\) and \(T_{p}\) are below this temperature.

Pressure would be needed to compact the carbon mass as the crystals form.

Maybe...

ET Dialed Home

When SF meets reality,

The dial on the entry portal changes the orientations of an intermediary portal between the entry portal and the destination portal.  Traveling through the entry portal, via line of sight, is deflected by the intermediary portal to the destination portal.

and ET meets Stargate...

Frosty Glass

Our bias for tempering only at high temperature bar us from thinking that glass (\(SiO_2\)) can anneal at

\(T_p=-44.67\,^oC\)

This is the temperature at which glass frost up permanently.

Tampering Glass

Silicon dioxide  \(Z=14+8*2\), \(SiO_2\) density \(2.196\,\,gcm^{-3}\) and molar mass \(60.08\,\,g\,mol^{-1}\)

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{2.196*10^{3}}{14+8*2}=251.47\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=251.47^2*\cfrac{60.08*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=152.32\,K\)  or  \(-120.83\,^{o}C\)

\(T_{p}=251.47^2*\cfrac{60.08*10^{-3}}{2*8.3144}=228.48\,K\)  or  \(-44.67\,^{o}C\)

neither of which is tempering temperature of about \(620\,^{o}C\).

We don't have a speculative relation between \(T_{boom}\) and glass tempering.

If we focus on only the silicon atoms in the structure and adjust both density and molar mass accordingly,

adjusted density,  \(\rho_{adj}=2.196*\cfrac{28.1}{28.1+16*2}=1.027\,gcm^{-3}\)

adjusted molar mass,  \(M_{adj}=60.08*\cfrac{28.1}{28.1+16*2}=28.09\,g\,mol^{-1}\)

So,

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{1.027*10^{3}}{14}=252.01\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=252.01^2*\cfrac{28.09*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=71.52\,K\)  or  \(-201.63\,^{o}C\)

there is a slight increase in the value of \(v_{boom}\) but \(T_{boom}\) is of a lower value than previously.

The other significant ingredient in glass is Sodium oxide \(Z=12*2+8\), \(Na_2O\) of density \(2.27\,\,gcm^{-3}\) and molar mass \(61.98\,\,gcm^{-3}\).  Both physical properties of which are similar to silicon dioxide.

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{2.27*10^{3}}{12*2+8}=243.70\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=243.70^2*\cfrac{61.98*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=147.57\,K\)  or  \(-125.58\,^{o}C\)

which is too low.

Maybe it is Calcium oxide \(Z=20+8\), \(CaO\) of density \(3.34\,\,gcm^{-3}\) and molar mass \(56.08\,\,gcm^{-3}\) that plays a role in tempering glass,

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{3.34*10^{3}}{20+8}=409.79\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=409.79^2*\cfrac{56.08*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=377.55\,K\)  or  \(104.4\,^{o}C\)

\(T_{p}=409.79^2*\cfrac{56.08*10^{-3}}{2*8.3144}=566.33\,K\)  or  \(293.18\,^{o}C\)

but lime together with aluminium oxide \(Al_2O_3\), and magnesium oxide \(MgO\), are added to counter sodium carbonate \(Na_2CO_3\) that makes glass water soluble.  The three additives are to provide for a better chemical durability in glass.

For completeness sake,

Aluminium oxide \(Z=13*2+8*3\), \(Al_2O_3\) of density \(3.987\,\,gcm^{-3}\) and molar mass \(101.96\,\,gcm^{-3}\)

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{3.987*10^{3}}{13*2+8*3}=273.94\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=273.94^2*\cfrac{101.96*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=306.75\,K\)  or  \(33.6\,^{o}C\)

\(T_{p}=273.94^2*\cfrac{101.96*10^{-3}}{2*8.3144}=460.13\,K\)  or  \(186.98\,^{o}C\)

...and Magnesium oxide \(Z=12+8\), \(MgO\) of density \(3.6\,\,gcm^{-3}\) and molar mass \(40.304\,\,gcm^{-3}\)

\(v_{boom}=3.4354*\cfrac{3.6*10^{3}}{12+8}=618.37\,ms^{-1}\)

\(T_{boom}=618.37^2*\cfrac{40.304*10^{-3}}{3*8.3144}=617.86\,K\)  or  \(344.71\,^{o}C\)

\(T_{p}=618.37^2*\cfrac{40.304*10^{-3}}{2*8.3144}=926.80\,K\)  or  \(653.65\,^{o}C\)

Try tempering glass at temperatures given by \(T_{p}\) values for Aluminium oxide (\(186.98\,^{o}C\)) and Magnesium oxide (\(653.65\,^{o}C\)).

Good luck.

Spider web, Invisibility and Negative Temperature Particles

If wearing spider web drape provide invisibility and negative temperature particles provide invisibility,

If you have a tank full of spiders that refuse to spun webs, maybe you should give them ice.  More correctly, a dose of negative temperature particles.

著草啦！

What Insurgents?

First it was smallpox virus poison in a liquid form as milk, soda or ice cream.  The virus does not cause an eruption of blisters but infects the gut and affect digestion and nutrient absorption.  In particular vitamin Bs.  Food intake for some individual doubles and there is noticeable weight gain.  More importantly,  prolonged deficiencies of vitamin sand essential minerals can lead to psychotic disorder.

...then comes the harassments and bullying to drive the person over the edge.

These tactics leads to murder, suicide and school campus shooting.

If you have a school lunch program, provide vitamins supplements, especially B12 and other B complexes.  This alone can foil social disruptions that such insurgents are orchestrating.

Have a nice day.

Great Way To Fly

The powdered scarab elytra may not survive the heat as they are folded into the molten glass;

if they do not disintegrate in the heat, maybe we have a gravity particle current.

Warming Up Slowly

I was expecting a Jacob Ladder of temperature particle current,

which might explain why coral reef turns white in cold currents.