So, the reagent with an appropriate functional group is cooled and sprayed in the way of benzene in a warmer spray of mist. At what specific temperatures depend on the interpretation of \(E\),
\(E=E_{ph}=\cfrac{n.hc}{2\pi a_{\psi}}\)
where \(a_{\psi}\approx 139\,pm\) and \(n=3\)
and the specific reagent. The point is to mitigate the energy difference between the temperature particles clouds on the two reacting compounds.
What is \(E_{ph}\) on the Celsius temperature scale?
In experiments freezing water and benzene, at the temperature at approximately \(-22^oC\), a large expansion occurs in contrast with the gradual contraction found with temperature above \(-22^oC\). This might be due to the temperature particle clouds on water and benzene aligning themselves and both molecules form into a hyper-lattice.
The temperature clouds have to be attractive to from into a lattice. Benzene freezes at \(5.5^oC\); water freezes at \(0^oC\).
What happens at \(-22^oC\)?
The temperature around a containment is due to temperature charge on its surface. So it is the temperature charge around the mixture of water and benzene that give a temperature reading of \(-22^oC\). Is this charge that mitigate the energy level difference between the two temperature particle clouds? That the charge equivalent to \(-22^oC\) makes both temperature clouds on the reacting compounds neutral and is attractive.
If, we mix benzene and the reagent with a functional group to be substituted for an hydrogen on the benzene and lowers the temperature of the mixture in porous porous Vycor Glass till similar expansion occurs at say, \(T_{ex}\). Does a temperature difference of \(T_{ex}\), the hotter spray being benzene, encourages the substitution reaction?
Water dissolves benzene, but a reagent that provides a functional group for substitution might react quickly.
Note: \(T_{ex}\) can be negative, but the hot spray is benzene when the other reagent is expected to have a smaller temperature particle cloud. Two running streams when the reagents are liquid will work as well as two sprays of mist. The point of both set up is to encourage collisions between the reacting molecules.
Tuesday, April 24, 2018
Saturday, April 21, 2018
The Other Torus
I was thinking,
but if the rings are due to temperature particles and,
\(f=\cfrac{c}{\lambda}\)
given,
\(139*\cfrac { \sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } \quad \le \quad { a_{ \psi } }\quad \le \quad 139\quad \, pm\)
and
\(2\pi a_{\psi}=n\lambda\)
with
\(n=3\)
\(f=\cfrac{n.c}{2\pi a_{\psi}}\)
What is the significance of \(f\)?
If a reagent with an needed functional group also has a temperature particle layer (just below the outer \(p^+\), \(e^-\) layer) at this frequency, does reaction occurs more readily? Is the functional group accepted more readily?
For a lone particle, \(f\), because of
\(E=h.f\)
\(E=\cfrac{n.hc}{2\pi a_{\psi}}\)
is the energy of \(\psi\) that constitute the particle. \(f_{ph}=f\) here, is then the energy of each of the two tori on the benzene.
How to manipulate \(f_{ph}\)? Once again, it is a specific temperature. At this temperature, all collisions between the reagents and benzene molecules result in an exchange of radicals, hopefully between a \(H\) from the benzene ring and the functional group from the reagent. The difference in energy levels between the temperature \(\psi\) clouds on the benzene and the reagent with the needed functional group is the hindrance against chemical reactions.
As the functional group reagent is often smaller than benzene (low \(\lambda\), high \(f\), high \(E\)), it is the energy of temperature particle clouds on benzene that has to increase to facilitate a substitution. Conversely, the reagent that provides the functional group is lowered in temperature and made to collide with benzene.
Heat up benzene and spray it at the reagent which remains at a lower temperature.
If \(f_{ph}\) can be raised by increasing the temperature of benzene, then at the specific temperature when \(E=h.f_{ph}\) is equal to the energy level of the temperature clouds on the reagent, the energy barrier is surmounted and reactions proceeds.
But what charge is the benzene \(\psi\) torus? Under normal conditions, benzene rejects all reagents and is chemically stable. So, the benzene torus is positive and repulses positive temperature clouds on other possible reagent including other benzene rings.
Collisions bring the reactants close enough for \(\psi\) to interact as waves and be attractive, but that still requires compatible energy levels as \(\psi\) clouds merge and subsequently separate.
Which bring us to endothermic and exothermic reactions....because electrical charges and energy levels do not change temperature charges and energy levels. Electric and temperature are two orthogonal types of fields that do not affect each other.
Have a nice day...
but if the rings are due to temperature particles and,
\(f=\cfrac{c}{\lambda}\)
given,
\(139*\cfrac { \sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } \quad \le \quad { a_{ \psi } }\quad \le \quad 139\quad \, pm\)
and
\(2\pi a_{\psi}=n\lambda\)
with
\(n=3\)
\(f=\cfrac{n.c}{2\pi a_{\psi}}\)
What is the significance of \(f\)?
If a reagent with an needed functional group also has a temperature particle layer (just below the outer \(p^+\), \(e^-\) layer) at this frequency, does reaction occurs more readily? Is the functional group accepted more readily?
For a lone particle, \(f\), because of
\(E=h.f\)
\(E=\cfrac{n.hc}{2\pi a_{\psi}}\)
is the energy of \(\psi\) that constitute the particle. \(f_{ph}=f\) here, is then the energy of each of the two tori on the benzene.
How to manipulate \(f_{ph}\)? Once again, it is a specific temperature. At this temperature, all collisions between the reagents and benzene molecules result in an exchange of radicals, hopefully between a \(H\) from the benzene ring and the functional group from the reagent. The difference in energy levels between the temperature \(\psi\) clouds on the benzene and the reagent with the needed functional group is the hindrance against chemical reactions.
As the functional group reagent is often smaller than benzene (low \(\lambda\), high \(f\), high \(E\)), it is the energy of temperature particle clouds on benzene that has to increase to facilitate a substitution. Conversely, the reagent that provides the functional group is lowered in temperature and made to collide with benzene.
Heat up benzene and spray it at the reagent which remains at a lower temperature.
If \(f_{ph}\) can be raised by increasing the temperature of benzene, then at the specific temperature when \(E=h.f_{ph}\) is equal to the energy level of the temperature clouds on the reagent, the energy barrier is surmounted and reactions proceeds.
But what charge is the benzene \(\psi\) torus? Under normal conditions, benzene rejects all reagents and is chemically stable. So, the benzene torus is positive and repulses positive temperature clouds on other possible reagent including other benzene rings.
Collisions bring the reactants close enough for \(\psi\) to interact as waves and be attractive, but that still requires compatible energy levels as \(\psi\) clouds merge and subsequently separate.
Which bring us to endothermic and exothermic reactions....because electrical charges and energy levels do not change temperature charges and energy levels. Electric and temperature are two orthogonal types of fields that do not affect each other.
Have a nice day...
Time After Time
If you can make lightning strike again at the same spot,
It does not matter whether the charges are positive or negative as long as they cause a change in oxidation state of the Vanadium ions. The ions in circular motion, in a constant magnetic field, separate into layers. On discharge, a reversion in oxidation states releases the charge and is tapped from two circulating ion layers to drive an external load.
Do charges flow from a pool of water at \(80^oC\)? Micro-lightning?
It does not matter whether the charges are positive or negative as long as they cause a change in oxidation state of the Vanadium ions. The ions in circular motion, in a constant magnetic field, separate into layers. On discharge, a reversion in oxidation states releases the charge and is tapped from two circulating ion layers to drive an external load.
Do charges flow from a pool of water at \(80^oC\)? Micro-lightning?
Thursday, April 5, 2018
Monolithic Sword
If the the whole sword, blade and grip, is forged from a single piece of smelt,
\(n=512\)
\(l_s=0.795\,m\)
and the number of folds the smelt is subjected to,
\(n_b=9\)
If you are on the right path, the smelt first seems sticky and will stick to the hammer as you rise the hammer for the next strike to elongate the smelt.
\(n=512\)
\(l_s=0.795\,m\)
and the number of folds the smelt is subjected to,
\(n_b=9\)
If you are on the right path, the smelt first seems sticky and will stick to the hammer as you rise the hammer for the next strike to elongate the smelt.
Wednesday, April 4, 2018
Collecting Collapsed Torus
Collecting collapsed torus,
the particles will move towards the positive rail, into the collection channel.
the particles will move towards the positive rail, into the collection channel.